Prevalence based epidemiological cancer statistics: a brief assessment from different populations in India.

Modern civilization, urbanization, industrialization, changes in daily life, population growth and ageing all have contributed to epidemiological changes in many diseases, including cancer, in India and other countries. Tobacco has been identified as the most important cause of cancer followed by alcohol consumption, dietary practices, inadequate physical activity, infections due to viruses and sexual behavior. The total number of new cancer cases is increasing rapidly, due to growth in size of the population, and an increase in the proportion of elderly persons, as a result of improved life expectancy, following control of communicable diseases. Such changes in the age structure automatically alter the disease pattern associated with ageing and increase the burden of problems such as cancer, cardiovascular and other non-communicable diseases in the society. Knowledge based on epidemiological patterns and trends would be of great help in identifying persons at high risk for the development of a particular cancer. Public education on 'tobacco and its health hazards', recommended dietary guidelines, safe sexual practices, and lifestyle modifications form the scientific basis for planning and organizing prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer in a community. Moreover, incorporating screening for cervical, breast and oral cancers into the peripheral health infrastructure can have a significant effect on reducing mortality from these diseases. This paper highlights the incidence and prevalence based epidemiological cancer statistics, its early detection and prevention measures in India.

Recurrence of keratocyst in nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome: A major diagnostic dilemma for clinicians.

The odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) usually represent a particular entity that has been of interest primarily due to biological aggressiveness and to its frequent recurrence. Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS), also known as Gorlin syndrome is a hereditary condition characterized by a wide-range of developmental abnormalities and a predisposition to neoplasms. There are several possible reasons why OKC recur so frequently and require meticulous surgical planning and execution. This article has attempted to show that there is a lack of published evidence regarding the cause of frequent recurrent of OKC that presented in NBCCS. However, the findings of the study revealed differences in opinion regarding the treatment modalities, which necessitates further long term clinical studies that could precisely document certain reliable guidelines in this point of view.

Comparative assessment of marginal accuracy of grade II titanium and Ni-Cr alloy before and after ceramic firing: An in vitro study.

OBJECTIVE: The aims of the study are to assess the marginal accuracy of base metal and titanium alloy casting and to evaluate the effect of repeated ceramic firing on the marginal accuracy of base metal and titanium alloy castings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty metal copings were fabricated with each casting material. Specimens were divided into 4 groups of 10 each representing base metal alloys castings without (Group A) and with metal shoulder margin (Group B), titanium castings without (Group C) and with metal shoulder margin (Group D). The measurement of fit of the metal copings was carried out before the ceramic firing at four different points and the same was followed after porcelain build-up. RESULTS: Significant difference was found when Ni-Cr alloy samples were compared with Grade II titanium samples both before and after ceramic firings. The titanium castings with metal shoulder margin showed highest microgap among all the materials tested. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results that were found and within the limitations of the study design, it can be concluded that there is marginal discrepancy in the copings made from Ni-Cr and Grade II titanium. This marginal discrepancy increased after ceramic firing cycles for both Ni-Cr and Grade II titanium. The comparative statistical analysis for copings with metal-collar showed maximum discrepancy for Group D. The comparative statistical analysis for copings without metal-collar showed maximum discrepancy for Group C.

Effect of different impression techniques on the dimensional accuracy of impressions using various elastomeric impression materials: an in vitro study.

UNLABELLED: Production of exemplary crowns and fixed partial dentures depends upon the usage of impression material and its technique of usage that accurately reproduces prepared teeth and their relationship to the adjacent oral structure. AIM: To evaluate the linear dimensional accuracy of the elastomeric impressions using various impression techniques using different combinations of viscosities of impression materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Crown preparation was done in a dentulous acrylic resin denture base model with six natural teeth embedded into it was made to represent the dentulous maxillary arch. A total of 55 impressions were obtained and poured in die stone using various impression techniques with different combinations of viscosities of impression materials. RESULTS: Among the six techniques used, the heavy body light body two-step technique using custom tray showed the least distortion which was closely followed by the putty wash two-step technique with 2 mm spacer using stock tray. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that the heavy body light body two-step technique with custom tray provided the best results. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Dimensional accuracy of impressions is very much required for precisely fitting of prosthesis. This study may be helpful to select the technique and materials as per clinical requirement of accuracy of impressions.